Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) is a condition characterized by the problematic pattern of cannabis use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. As defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the diagnosis of CUD is made when at least two of the specified criteria are met within a 12-month period.
The DSM-5 outlines the following criteria for CUD:
1. Cannabis is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.
2. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control cannabis use.
3. A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain cannabis, use cannabis, or recover from its effects.
4. Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use cannabis.
5. Recurrent cannabis use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home.
6. Continued cannabis use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of cannabis.
7. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of cannabis use.
8. Recurrent cannabis use in situations in which it is physically hazardous.
9. Cannabis use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by cannabis.
10. Tolerance, as defined by either a need for markedly increased amounts of cannabis to achieve intoxication or desired effect or a markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of cannabis.
11. Withdrawal, as manifested by either the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for cannabis or cannabis is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.
The severity of CUD is determined by the number of criteria met: mild (2-3 criteria), moderate (4-5 criteria), and severe (6 or more criteria). Additional specifiers are used to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the individual's condition, such as whether the disorder is in early remission, sustained remission, or if the use occurs in a controlled environment.
CUD is a significant public health concern, with implications for mental health, physical health, and social functioning. The condition can lead to various adverse outcomes, including impaired cognitive abilities, reduced motivation, respiratory issues, and increased risk of psychiatric disorders.
Treatment for CUD typically involves a combination of behavioral therapies, counseling, and, in some cases, medications to manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Early intervention and tailored treatment plans are crucial for individuals struggling with CUD to achieve recovery and improve their quality of life.